PLVS VLTRA
The Broken Chain
of Title
Election Technology IP · 1981—Present
"If the chain of title is broken,
who actually owns the machines?"
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The Headline
Two broken chains. Same conclusion.
The intellectual property underneath the voting technology used in 28 U.S. states cannot demonstrate clean chain of title through recorded instruments. The patent owner is a Canadian corporation that no longer legally exists. The bank lien on those patents was never released. The operator has zero IP recordings of any kind at USPTO.
Meanwhile, the agency that certifies those machines refused to investigate when a whistleblower reported unauthorized software on certified Hart Verity 2.7 machines — and the Executive Director who flagged related financial misconduct was fired by the Commissioners before the investigation against him was even complete.
Chain 1
Ownership
USPTO · CIPO
1981 — DIMS
California. Optical mark patents.
1991 — GES
Vancouver, BC. AccuVote.
⚠ ES&S gap
Held Premier 9 mo. No title recording.
⚠ Active lien
Patents transferred under BofA lien.
⚠ NPT delay
Executed 2014. Recorded 2019.
2019 — HSBC lien
Last patent instrument. 18 patents.
2025 — Liberty Vote
Zero IP recordings at USPTO.
☠ Dead entity
Canadian parent amalgamated.
⚠ Lien unreleased
HSBC patent lien still on books.
Chain 2
Accountability
EAC · IG · Mancini
Mar 2024 — Hash test
Hart Verity 2.7, Delaware Co. PA.
⚠ Unauthorized software
Mathnet.Numerics.dll — not in any cert.
Apr 2024 — Mancini reports
Whistleblower disclosure to EAC.
⚠ ED fired
Frid flagged Comm. misconduct. Fired.
⚠ IG promoted
IG who investigated Frid took his job.
⚠ "No jurisdiction"
EAC IG refuses cert. fraud probe.
⚠ Disclosures ignored
3 follow-ups (2024–2026). No action.
☠ No oversight
IG system designed unaccountable.
⚠ Nobody above
No Cabinet, no external compel.
Both chains end here
Nobody owns the machines on paper.
Nobody is accountable for them in practice.
It's not an accident — it's how the system was built.
A $300,000 house has a cleaner paper trail than the technology that counts votes for the President.
The 17 Findings
All findings trace to primary source instruments. USPTO reels, court dockets, registry filings. Every claim has a recorded instrument behind it — or documents the absence of one.
F1 Zero copyrights
F2 Courts never asked
F3 Three lineages
F4 ES&S invisible
F5 Active lien transfer
F6 5-year delay
F7 Liberty Vote null
F8 Serbian dev
F9 No CA trademark
F10 One expired CA patent
F11 5.11-CO removed
F12 Smartmatic FCPA
F13 Sequoia/CFIUS
F14 "And thereafter"
F15 Dual HQ
F16 Dead entity
F17 Lien unreleased
The Critical Evidence
FINDING 16
The patent owner is dead
Dominion Voting Systems Corporation (Ontario BN 862826757) — the entity holding recorded title to all 18 Dominion patents — has been amalgamated under Ontario corporate law. Status: Inactive. No successor entity publicly named. No assignment to any successor recorded at USPTO or CIPO. The patents are assigned to a corporation that no longer legally exists.
FINDING 17
The HSBC lien was never released
The HSBC Bank Canada security interest (RF 050500/0236, recorded September 26, 2019) is the last recorded patent instrument on all 18 Dominion patents. Confirmed via individual patent searches on US 8,844,813 / 8,913,787 / 9,202,113 / 8,195,505 / 9,870,666 — all five show the HSBC agreement as the final entry. The trademark side was released. The patent side — nothing. A Canadian bank holds the last recorded interest on U.S. election technology patents.
FINDING 7
Liberty Vote has zero IP recordings
Liberty Vote USA Inc. — the company operating the machines in 28 states right now — has zero patent assignments, zero trademark transfers, zero name-change recordings of any kind at USPTO. The U.S. subsidiary never held patent title — the 2019 Nunc Pro Tunc assignments moved everything to the Canadian parent.
FINDING 1
Zero copyright registrations
DIMS, GES, Diebold, Premier, ES&S, Sequoia, Smartmatic, Dominion, Liberty Vote. No entity in any lineage has ever registered voting system software with the U.S. Copyright Office. No product, no entity, no year. Confirmed via CPRS keyword searches across all entity names and product names.
FINDING 2
Five courts never asked
Dominion v. Fox ($787.5M settlement). Smartmatic v. Fox (ongoing). Smartmatic v. Dominion (Delaware Chancery). Coomer v. Oltmann (Denver). People v. Peters (Mesa County, 9 years overturned). Zero chain-of-title challenges across all five cases. "Proprietary" was asserted through contracts, never through recorded instruments.
The Mancini Disclosure
Robert C. Mancini, a cybersecurity expert in Delaware County PA, submitted three whistleblower disclosures to the EAC between April 2024 and March 2026 — most recently addressed directly to FBI Director Kash Patel.
What he found
On March 25, 2024, Delaware County performed hash validation on 9 of 428 Hart Verity 2.7 voting machines. The hash returned a 100% match to the EAC\'s own fingerprint. But the validated software list contained Mathnet.Numerics.dll — a data manipulation library from numerics.mathdotnet.com that is not listed in the EAC test report, not in the Pennsylvania state certification, and not in the EAC Trusted Build record for Hart Verity 2.7.1.
The obstruction sequence
OCT 27, 2023
EAC Executive Director Steven Frid reports Commissioner financial misconduct to the IG
OCT 31, 2023
Four days later: IG receives anonymous "tip" alleging misconduct by Frid — opens investigation on him
DEC 20, 2023
Commissioners vote 4-0 to fire Frid — before the IG investigation on him is complete
MAR 7, 2024
The IG who investigated Frid (Brianna Schletz) is promoted to Frid\'s old job as Executive Director
APR 8, 2024
Deputy IG Sarah Dryer promoted to Acting IG
MAY 30, 2024
Acting IG tells Mancini the EAC IG "does not have jurisdiction" to investigate certification fraud — a claim that contradicts 52 USC § 20922(2)
The people who should have investigated were promoted into the jobs of the people who reported the problem. The timeline is documented on page 28 of the EAC\'s own 2024 Annual Report.
October 2025 — The Convergence
Four major events in twenty days:
SEP 27, 2025
HSBC/RBC trademark release recorded (TM 9016/0348). Patent release never filed.
OCT 6, 2025
Fox files NYSCEF Doc. 2570 — LA County owns VSAP IP publicly. 2009 Dominion-Smartmatic license confirmed.
OCT 9, 2025
Liberty Vote "acquires" Dominion (actually a name change on the existing Delaware entity)
OCT 15–16, 2025
Smartmatic corporate superseding indictment — SGO Corporation Limited charged with FCPA and money laundering. S.D. Fla. 24-cr-20343.
This is the third documented compressed-window convergence in the chain. The first was September 2019 (four NPT assignments, HSBC agreement, trademark migration — all within two weeks). The second was May-June 2010 (Premier acquisition, Sequoia acquisition, Colorado registration, dual HQ claims). Every major structural change happens in a compressed burst.
Independent Verification
All 17 findings were independently reviewed on April 5, 2026. The reviewer verified USPTO Patent Assignment records, Ontario Business Registry, Quebec registre, CIPO, EAC manufacturer lists, OpenCorporates, and DOJ filings.
"No, there is no factual error in what you stated."
"I cannot name one [other regulated industry]. Election technology stands out as an outlier: the only regulated domain that processes the core act of democratic governance without any regulatory mandate for clean, recorded IP title."
"If Congress imposed a recorded-IP-title mandate, the current situation would immediately become non-compliant."
Independent verification · April 5, 2026 · Zero factual errors identified
The Standard
Every other regulated industry in America requires recorded IP provenance before deployment into critical infrastructure.
| Pharmaceuticals | FDA NDA transfers + Orange Book listings |
| Telecommunications | FCC spectrum license assignments |
| Defense contractors | ITAR export-control provenance |
| Real estate | Recorded deed + released liens + title insurance |
| Election technology | None of the above |
Current Public Record · April 2026
| Patent owner | DVS Corporation (Ontario) — Amalgamated |
| Last instrument | HSBC Sep 2019 — No release |
| Patent release | Does not exist |
| Copyright | Zero — all entities, all time |
| Operator | Liberty Vote USA — 0 recordings |
| Software | Belgrade, Serbia |
| Hardware | China |
| Deployed | 28 U.S. states |
If the chain of title is broken
AND the chain of accountability is broken,
who actually controls the technology
that counts American votes?